Of the seventeen existing in the world today the Baikonur Cosmodrome is the most powerful and outperform any other. For example, from Baikonur annually can be flown for 1500 tons of payload, which is almost twice as much from the spaceport at Cape Canaveral, and three times greater than from the Russian Plesetsk. Baikonur launch facilities allow you to run all types of launch vehicles.
The real danger is not so much the products of combustion of rocket fuel, as its components are themselves subject to hit them in the environment. Most toxic of these is heptyl, which is the basis of rocket fuel for alt «Proton and some ballistic missiles. In contact with the Earth together with the spent rocket stages, heptyl have a negative impact on the environment, persisting in soil for decades and making it impossible to reclamation.
Throughout the democratic developed world, public safety from environmentally hazardous activities provided insurance. Policyholder advocates owner of a dangerous production or the state. Simple question: why American citizens who live around the spaceport, insured, and Kazakhstan is not? Insurance claims for missiles, launched from Baikonur - is hundreds of millions of dollars. But in no way responsible to the local population there can not be described. So when the Proton falls, Kazakhstan receives reimbursement for gasoline for fire engines, emergency workers wages, which went to the accident site. For local residents are not provided anything. The inhabitants of those areas that fall in rocket stages, there is no regular phones, not all have electricity, they do not use weather forecasts from satellites. alt Space was useless for them.
When Ecological Museum studied the problem, then tried to use the experience of the world community. It turned out that nowhere in the world there is no confrontation between the Rocket and Space Complex and the public. Government of these countries to fix the problem before it occurs. Done everything that needs to be done. Fall area designated, all necessary information is available, even any of us can take any online American documents to ensure public safety. U.S. documents, we can take their home - is impossible. As a result, in these countries, society views as a welcome source of spaceports welfare. Lack of information aggravates the situation. Unfounded fears the people there are just as much as a real danger of rocket fuel. Kazakhstan in the person of the Parliament has adopted and ratified the Aarhus Convention on public access to environmentally sensitive information. Thus, the entire world, and Kazakhstan agreed that if people know the conditions in which they live, it contributes to the prosperity of the nation.
Worldwide environmental launches spacecraft is the first priority. alt and for Kazakhstan, the conservation of flora and fauna - the problem is topical. Solve the problem can only be more stringent requirements for launch vehicles, including redusing the launches of launch vehicles, running on environmentally hazardous fuels.
Space Exploration
Of the seventeen existing in the world today the Baikonur Cosmodrome is the most powerful and outperform any other. For example, from Baikonur annually can be flown for 1500 tons of payload, which is almost twice as much from the spaceport at Cape Canaveral, and three times greater than from the Russian Plesetsk. Baikonur launch facilities allow you to run all types of launch vehicles. At this time, the launch site, located on 6,717 square kilometers, is an enormous production and technical facilities with 9 starting complex, 15 launchers and 34 technical complexes training missiles and spacecraft. In addition, the infrastructure at Baikonur includes a powerful network of energy, hundreds of transformer substations, 360 km of heating networks, 470 km of railways, more than 1200 km of roads and 2500 km of communication lines.
In 1955, the decision of the Soviet government approved the establishment of a research test bed for missile technology used for peaceful space exploration and at the same time capable of delivering nuclear warheads to almost anywhere in the world. From the perspective of a combination of climatic factors, the central part of Kyzylorda was the most favorable area for the start of alt missiles: little precipitation, more than 300 sunny days a year, low humidity and a short winter. In addition, takes into account such factors as distance from the border, big tracks and railway lines.
Already in October 1957 the first rocket launched from Baikonur orbited the world's first artificial Earth satellite. In general, the history of the spaceport have been launched over 1250 satellites and 1200 military intercontinental ballistic missiles.
Already in October 1957 the first rocket launched from Baikonur orbited the world's first artificial Earth satellite. In general, the history of the spaceport have been launched over 1250 satellites and 1200 military intercontinental ballistic missiles.
Probably few people know that to ensure secrecy of such an important facility for nearly twenty years of Soviet sources indicate quite different coordinates of missile launch.
On the northern spur of the ridge Alatau in Kazakhstan, near the village of Baikonur was erected mock Baikonur launch pads, protected until 1974. Later this name became synonymous with this spaceport. Baikonur has played a role in politics during the Cold War.
On the northern spur of the ridge Alatau in Kazakhstan, near the village of Baikonur was erected mock Baikonur launch pads, protected until 1974. Later this name became synonymous with this spaceport. Baikonur has played a role in politics during the Cold War.After the collapse of the Soviet Union taken over by the cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and since 1995 in accordance with previous agreements signed by Heads of State, referred to Russia's lease for 20 years with annual rents of $ 115 million. The complex was then estimated 51 billion dollars.
According to the agreement, the lease Baikonur extended to 50 years, and besides the rent, provides an annual listing of Kazakhstan of $ 50 million to maintain and develop infrastructure spaceport. The Russian side took over and financing life-support systems of Baikonur and conduct activities to improve the ecology of the republic, adjacent to the spaceport.
But Baikonur is important not only for Russia but for our country. And it's not just about the financial side, although the amount of 115 million dollars is almost 3% of the state budget. First and foremost, we must not forget that the spaceport is the main enterprise, providing work and means of livelihood alt tens of thousands of Kazakhs living in the city and its environs.
Of course, speaking about the prospects of joint space exploration, we should not lose sight of the important issue of how to ensure environmental safety and health in connection with the use of Baikonur. The fact that there is a problem, absolutely no doubt. After two accidents rockets Proton in 1999, the prospect of further launches from Baikonur is in question.
The real danger is not so much the products of combustion of rocket fuel, as its components are themselves subject to hit them in the environment. Most toxic of these is heptyl, which is the basis of rocket fuel for alt «Proton and some ballistic missiles. In contact with the Earth together with the spent rocket stages, heptyl have a negative impact on the environment, persisting in soil for decades and making it impossible to reclamation.It is worth noting that the problem of ecological safety of space activities anywhere in the world not fully resolved. Today should be clearly designed, fully justified method of estimating the impact of launches on the environment and human health. On this basis, should be strictly necessary environmental review for all space programs at all stages of their implementation. By some estimates, in areas falling rocket stages did not live more than 30 thousand people, and even a few percent of the rent for the spaceport would be enough to hold all environmental and health measures.
Throughout the democratic developed world, public safety from environmentally hazardous activities provided insurance. Policyholder advocates owner of a dangerous production or the state. Simple question: why American citizens who live around the spaceport, insured, and Kazakhstan is not? Insurance claims for missiles, launched from Baikonur - is hundreds of millions of dollars. But in no way responsible to the local population there can not be described. So when the Proton falls, Kazakhstan receives reimbursement for gasoline for fire engines, emergency workers wages, which went to the accident site. For local residents are not provided anything. The inhabitants of those areas that fall in rocket stages, there is no regular phones, not all have electricity, they do not use weather forecasts from satellites. alt Space was useless for them.
When Ecological Museum studied the problem, then tried to use the experience of the world community. It turned out that nowhere in the world there is no confrontation between the Rocket and Space Complex and the public. Government of these countries to fix the problem before it occurs. Done everything that needs to be done. Fall area designated, all necessary information is available, even any of us can take any online American documents to ensure public safety. U.S. documents, we can take their home - is impossible. As a result, in these countries, society views as a welcome source of spaceports welfare. Lack of information aggravates the situation. Unfounded fears the people there are just as much as a real danger of rocket fuel. Kazakhstan in the person of the Parliament has adopted and ratified the Aarhus Convention on public access to environmentally sensitive information. Thus, the entire world, and Kazakhstan agreed that if people know the conditions in which they live, it contributes to the prosperity of the nation. 
Worldwide environmental launches spacecraft is the first priority. alt and for Kazakhstan, the conservation of flora and fauna - the problem is topical. Solve the problem can only be more stringent requirements for launch vehicles, including redusing the launches of launch vehicles, running on environmentally hazardous fuels.Another important point is now being developed software industry's transition to technologically advanced and most importantly, environmentally friendly launch vehicles "Zenith" and "Angara". According to designers, in contrast to the obsolete "Proton", used for almost 40 years, as components of fuel "Hangar" is used a mixture of oxygen-kerosene in the first stage, and oxygen-hydrogen at the second, which is much increased level of security for their launches. Is currently under international technical expertise of the project.
